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Railroad workers are often exposed to hazardous substances, such as diesel exhaust. In the process, they can be afflicted with occupational cancers, as well as other health issues.

Myeloma is a type of blood cancer that affects plasma cells, that are found in the bone marrow. They make antibodies. It can cause swelling, pain and other symptoms.

What is Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma (a cancer that affects plasma cells (part of the immune system) is a cancerous condition. Plasma cells make antibodies that help the body fight off infection. They are mostly found in bone marrow. This is the soft, sponge-like tissue that makes blood within each bone. Multiple myeloma begins in plasma cells of the bone marrow and spreads to other tissues, including spinal cord and kidneys.

In multiple myeloma, a cancerous plasma cell produces many abnormal antibodies which gather in the kidneys or in other organs and form a mass that is known as a tumor. These masses can be a single cell or they may be clusters of cells. The lesions or tumors could cause a variety of signs and symptoms, such as weakness, fatigue, bone pain and a sensation of tingling in your arms and legs. They can also cause anemia, high levels of calcium (hypercalcaemia) and issues with the bones.

There is no established cause of multiple myeloma. However certain factors increase the chance of developing it. This includes age -- the majority of people who develop myeloma have a age of 60 and the disease is found twice as often in kansas city southern railway black lung disease people as in whites -- and an ancestor's history of myelodysplastic disease or monoclonal gammopathy with undetermined significance (MGUS). People who have worked around radiation or certain chemicals such as benzene and pesticides have an increased risk.

What is Multiple Myeloma Diagnosed?

In the beginning the disease may not be a cause of symptoms and is often only suspected or diagnosed after an examination of urine or blood. Your GP will evaluate you for hips, back, and rib pain. This is referred to as a skeletal assessment and Kansas City Southern Railway Kidney Cancer is a vital first step. You will be asked to discuss other symptoms like fatigue, lack of appetite or bruising more easily than usual.

The doctor will take an ounce of fluid around your lungs to test whether there is paraprotein. They will also examine your blood and bone marrow specimen to check for abnormal proteins created by the myeloma cell. Your GP may refer you to a specialist in blood disorders (a haematologist) to conduct additional tests and scans.

X-rays, a computed (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help find bone fractures caused by myeloma. Other tests may include a PET scan (PET) or FDG scans which can help to identify areas that are contaminated by cancerous plasma cells. Plasma exchange therapy (plasmapheresis) which eliminates the abnormal proteins from your body, may reduce their effects on nerves, kidneys and eyes.

What is the Treatment for Multiple Myeloma?

Multiple myeloma is usually treated to ease symptoms. Blood tests should be performed every month to test for CRAB (Calcium levels and Renal/Kidney Functions, anemia and Bone Health) as well as any imaging scans, including Xrays or MRIs.

As an induction treatment and as a maintenance treatment, the majority of patients will be treated with a combination of drugs. This includes dexamethasone, lenalidomide and a monoclonal anti-body, such as elotuzumab(Empliciti)or daratumumab(Darzalex) that is connected to pomalidomide and carfilzomib.

The drugs slow myeloma, and stop it from growing. These drugs are administered via pill or vein. Some people also take the drug known as bortezomib which is a kind of Velcade. This drug is sometimes combined with lenalidomide, dexamethasone, or doxorubicin the form of cyclophosphamide.

Surgery is not a directed treatment for multiple myeloma but may be used to treat specific symptoms such as spinal cord compression (from a vertebral fracture or plasmacytoma) or to remove large tumors that cause problems with breathing.

Cancer and its treatment could cause physical side-effects, like pain. It can also cause emotional and social effects. Palliative care is an essential element of your treatment. Your treatment team could include an general physician, a haematologist, a radiation oncologist or cancer nurse.

What are the possible side effects of Multiple Myeloma Treatments?

A variety of drugs used to treat multiple myeloma have adverse side effects. The type and severity of these side effects will depend on your health before treatment and the specific chemo medications you receive, as well as your individual response to them. In this video, hematologist-oncologist Adriana Rossi describes some of the side effects of common therapies for multiple myeloma.

Chemotherapy for multiple myeloma generally involves a combination of several drugs in a a chemotherapy regimen. The chemo drugs eliminate kansas city southern railway pancreatic cancer cells and cause them to die. Steroids, as an example can be incorporated into the chemo regimen to increase the probability of a positive result or reduce the amount of chemotherapy required. Steroids can trigger a range of side effects including changes in appetite, diarrhea, elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) and a greater risk of getting infections.

Your doctor will create a treatment plan for you in accordance with the results of your tests, your cancer stage as well as your symptoms and your overall health. Your health care provider will decide if you'd like to participate in a clinical trial which tests a new drug, a combination of standard treatments, or the most effective dosage of an existing drug.

While it isn't possible to cure myeloma multiforme treatment is a great way to manage symptoms and extend your life. Your care team will develop an individual plan to control discomfort, side effects, and other symptoms to allow you to live life to the fullest. Palliative care is what this is.