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A tumor that develops into the larynx can cause a blockage of the airway, which makes breathing difficult. It may also affect the capacity of a person to swallow.

A doctor will examine your throat for symptoms of laryngeal cancer including hoarseness, difficulty breathing or speaking, or lumps in the neck. They will also do a biopsy.

Symptoms

The larynx forms a part of the throat that is located at the mouth of the windpipe (trachea). Its 3 primary functions are breathing, vibration to facilitate speech and also to protect the canadian pacific reactive airway disease when swallowing. Larynx cancer could be caused when cells in the region grow and begin to develop abnormally. Larynx cancers can be of various types. Some cancers can be cured when detected early. Others may not be curable once the cancer has advanced.

The most frequently reported symptoms of cancer of the larynx are hoarseness, coughing that does not stop, and difficulties speaking or canadian pacific multiple myeloma swallowing. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is crucial to talk to your healthcare provider. This will help you find the right treatment.

Stage 0 laryngeal cancer is diagnosed by a tumor that is located in a small portion of the larynx. The vocal cords can still move normally. About 70 percent of adults who have this type of cancer will live for 5 years or more.

In stage 1 laryngeal cancer the cancer has swelled into other parts of the larynx but has not reached the vocal cords, or nearby lymph nodes. This type of cancer has a lower survival rate than laryngeal cancer stage 0.

Diagnosis

Larynx cancers can be found in a variety of stages. The stage identifies how much the cancer has grown and whether it has spread to surrounding tissues and lymph nodes. The stage of laryngeal cancers is crucial because survival rates differ in accordance with the region where the cancer first develops.

Smoking and drinking heavily can affect the likelihood of developing laryngeal cancer. Other risk factors are exposure to chemicals, such as gasoline fumes, paint, and radiation. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is linked to certain types of laryngeal cancers.

If it is detected in the early stages, and it hasn't spread to the lymph nodes or the surrounding tissues the five-year survival rate relative to laryngeal cancers that start in the supraglottis (above the vocal cords) is approximately 45%. The rate drops to just 7 percent if the cancer is in advanced stages or it has spread to other parts of.

The five-year relative survival rate for nasopharyngeal tumors is 61%, however the rates of survival vary depending on the location where the cancer first appears and the stage it's in at diagnosis. The most common cause of the nasopharyngeal cancer is exposure to carcinogens like tobacco smoke and narcotics however the causes aren't always evident. Certain nasopharyngeal cancers could be related to the Epstein-Barr virus that causes mononucleosis.

Treatment

Cancer treatment can change how you feel and look, eat, speak, and even breathe. Your doctor will discuss the treatment options available and help you set goals. They may recommend one specific treatment or a combination of treatments.

There are three main treatment options for laryngeal carcinoma treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy and medications such as chemotherapy. You and your doctor will discuss your options and pick the best option for your needs.

The goal of cancer treatment is to cure the cancer and prevent it from recurrence. Your doctor might prescribe drugs that can be taken orally or intravenously (IV) to accomplish this. These are known as standard of care treatments. The majority of patients with laryngeal cancer will benefit from these treatments.

You could also be eligible to take part in a clinical trial which test a novel method to treat your condition. These trials assess whether the promising new drug, treatment combination or surgical procedure is more safe and efficient than conventional treatment.

If your cancer has spread to lymph nodes in your neck, you might need to remove them surgically. This procedure is called a neck dissection. It can cause swelling and numbness around your neck and shoulder. You may require this procedure prior to or following radiation or chemotherapy, depending on the stage and type of cancer.

Follow-up

Smoking and drinking alcohol are two of the main risk factors for laryngeal cancer There are other factors that can cause its development. This includes exposure to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that causes mononucleosis as well as laryngeal damage caused by various chemicals such as asbestos, canadian pacific multiple myeloma paint gas fumes, gasoline and radiation.

The incidence of invasive laryngeal cancer has decreased over the last few decades in the United States and other countries mostly due to declines in smoking rates. However, the number of HPV-positive tumors is increasing in women, a pattern that is not observed for men.

We investigated the relationship between the gender of the patient, their age at diagnosis, and HPV status in 148 patients with laryngeal cancers that were diagnosed as invasive between 1993 and 2004. All patients were registered into the Hawaii Tumor Registry, canadian pacific All Iowa Cancer Registry and the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program which are all part of the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, epidemiology and end-results (SEER) program.

The majority of cases were squamous-cell carcinomas, and most were early stage (localized) disease. Men comprised 82% of laryngeal carcinoma patients, whereas women accounted for 18%. In the most basic analyses, there were no significant differences in the distributions of HPV status according to sex, histological subtype or the year of diagnosis. However there was a significant interaction between sex and year of diagnosis, where more males than females who were diagnosed from 1993-1998 were HPV positive.