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Laryngeal Cancer

A number of studies have found that people exposed to tobacco smoke or strong inorganic mists as well as excessive drinking are at an increased risk of developing cancers in the hypopharynx/larynx. (IARC 2004)

These are all work-related cancers that most often affect men. Smokers are more likely to develop these types of cancers than non-smokers.

Risk Factors

Smoking tobacco and heavy drinking are the main causes of cancers of the larynx, which is the lower region of your throat near the back. These cancers also affect more men than women. The most common type of cancer that can be found in the larynx is squamous. The cancers are found in the glottis, the part of the throat that makes the sound you make when you speak. The next most common types of cancers of the larynx are adenocarcinomas. These develop in different parts of the larynx but are less prevalent than squamous carcinomas.

Numerous case-control studies reveal that exposure to asbestos at work increases the risk of laryngeal carcinoma. However, these studies have not been able to establish a evident dose-response correlation.

Other work-related factors that have been linked with a higher risk of larynx cancer and nasopharynx are exposure to wood dust, formaldehyde and dust from metals as well as occupational respiratory diseases. People with a family background of head and throat canadian national railway blood cancer, specifically the oropharynx (the back of the mouth) as well as the larynx (the front of the throat) and pharynx are at greater risk.

In one study the more frequent cancers were found to be concentrated among workers in coal mining, manufacture of metal products, and administration and health services. This was in contrast with other studies which did not reveal a significant increase in cancers of the larynx and nasopharynx related to asbestos.

Symptoms

The majority of laryngeal tumors are squamous cell carcinomas that originate from the thin flat cells (squamous) that are found in the upper airway. These cancers most often occur in the glottic larynx but may also develop in the subglottic and supraglottic areas. The symptoms of laryngeal cancer differ depending on the location where the tumor is located and might not manifest until cancer has progressed.

Hoarseness lasting more than a couple of weeks is the most common sign. The majority of people who have cancer of the larynx have this symptom early, but those with cancers of the subglottic or supraglottic areas may not be able to detect symptoms until later.

Many CN Canadian national railway reactive airway disease workers, including pipefitters and machinists have been exposed to a high level of ETS in their work. It has been shown that this increases the chance of developing laryngeal and lung cancer as well as other disorders and diseases such as mesothelioma or canadian national railway acute lymphocytic leukemia.

The diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma is usually determined on the basis of an examination of the patient's medical history along with physical examination, laryngoscopy, and biopsy. Depending on the site of the tumor, certain patients may require CT or MRI with or without contrast, chest x-rays or PET imaging of the neck and canadian national railway Reactive airway disease chest.

Diagnosis

Laryngeal carcinoma is diagnosed by either an imaging test or biopsy. These tests are also used by doctors to determine if the cancer has spread to other areas of your body or within the larynx. This process is called staging.

There are three main treatments for patients suffering from laryngeal cancer such as surgery, radiation therapy and therapies that use medication like chemotherapy. These treatments are available in combination or as a single treatment. Chemotherapy is the application of drugs to kill or stop cancer cells from growing. It is available as a pill or as an injection. It is also administered before or during the procedure or radiation therapy to boost its effectiveness. It is also administered after surgery to help prevent the cancer from recurring (recurring).

In some instances, doctors will need to remove some or canadian national railway all of the neck (neck dissection) in cases where cancer has spread there. This can be accomplished using a robotically guided robot or by opening the neck through the aid of a surgical procedure. Patients should discuss this procedure with their medical professionals as the removal of the neck can cause stiffness or changes in voice.

Keeping up with periodic appointments is essential because it allows doctors to discover if the treatment is working, and if cancer has come back (recurred). Regular visits to the doctor will help detect any new cancers early, when they can be more manageable and less painful to treat.

Treatment

Squamous cell cancers, which constitute the majority of laryngeal cancers start in the thin cells that cover the larynx. The cancers can spread either slowly or quickly. They may also spread to other parts of the body. The type of treatment one receives is contingent on the size and location of the tumor, as well as whether or not it has spread.

The team will look at the neck and throat to find signs of cancer. This could mean lumps or persistent sore throat. They will also ask questions about the patient's medical history and lifestyle, including whether they smoked or drank alcohol.

X-rays, ultrasounds, and other imaging tests help doctors determine the size and shape of the tumor. They can also use laryngoscopy to look at the throat and voice box through a tube-like instrument with lenses and a lamp. The team will also feel for any swollen or swollen nodes within the neck.

Cancers of the larynx or hypopharynx can be eliminated surgically. This could result in changes in how one talks, canadian national railway copd eats and breathes. Rehabilitation and support services are available to help people cope with these changes. People who have had larynx cancer or hypopharynx may be at risk of having other health problems, such as nerve damage, dry mouth, numbness in the throat and canadian national railway reactive airway disease neck, and decreased thyroid function after complete laryngectomy (removing the entire larynx). They should be treated with regular dental cleaning and fluoride treatments to prevent tooth decay.