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Kidney Cancer in Canada

Kidney cancer is among the most prevalent cancers in the world. The prognosis is contingent on the stage (how large it is and whether it has spread) when you're diagnosed, and the type of kidney cancer that you have.

Previous studies of observation have reported age-standardized incidence rates twice as high for Indigenous Canadians. There isn't much research on the patient experience with KCa.

Background

Kidney cancer is the 10th most prevalent cancer globally, with approximately 6600 new diagnoses and 1900 deaths in Canada in 20171. Risk factors for the disease are known to be male sex, a age of 60 or a family history of kidney cancer smoking, diabetes mellitus hypertension and obesity2.

To estimate global incidence and mortality for this disease, GBD incorporates data from important registration systems and cancer registry data to build an ensemble model that focuses on the cause of death. This model employs linear step mix-effects that link the observed data to a variety of covariates, including the characteristics of a person's demographic, their health quality and accessibility, as well as geographical and socioeconomic context.

The model then multiplies incident cases by independently modeled mortality-to-incidence ratios to obtain age-adjusted rates for all countries. Kidney cancer is the 10th most frequent kind of cancer in the world and its mortality rate is greater than that of the majority of other cancers. In 2017, it caused more than 3.3 million DALYs to be lost in the world.

Incidence and mortality rates are available for all 195 countries. They are classified by gender, age, and Socio-Demographic index (SDI).

Studies have previously revealed that the rate of rccc in non-Indigenous Canadians is twice as high9. These differences could be due differences in risk factors or different patterns of tumour occurrence. To further investigate this This study compares the appearance and outcomes of rccc between Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients in Canada using data from the national cohort.

Methods

The most frequent type of kidney cancer in Canada is renal cell carcinoma. RCC is treated with chemotherapy drugs that target tumors and prevent growth or Canadian Pacific Pulmonary Fibrosis spread of cancer. Other treatment options include surgical procedures and other treatments, such as cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation.

The outlook of an individual patient is contingent on the stage (how large the tumour is) and also the grade. The better the chance of survival, the lower the grade. The stage of the cancer determines if it has developed beyond the kidneys which will determine the choice of treatment that is best for you.

Treatment decisions are based on a patient's preferences and goals and also their health history. This includes other illnesses and conditions, like high blood pressure and diabetes, heart disease and diabetes. Patients should be encouraged and encouraged to discuss with their doctors regarding all of their treatment options so that they can make the decision that is right for them. This is known as shared decision-making and it could improve the outcomes of patients.

This study was created to examine KCa patients' experiences regarding access to care and understanding of their treatment options, in the hope to improve the quality of care that is patient-centered for this population. The questionnaire was sent out to KCC members and Urology clinics throughout Canada with the assistance of KCC's Medical Advisory Board who provided input on the questionnaire wording.

Results

The prevalence of rccc was higher in the Indigenous canadian pacific interstitial lung disease cohort than in the non-Indigenous Canadian Pacific scleroderma population, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.36). At clinical diagnosis, most patients had stage disease cT1 (68%) but there was no evidence of metastases. Renal surgery was performed on 81 percent of Indigenous Canadians, and 75% of non Indigenous Canadians with 55% of them having radical Nephrectomy.

LDHA expression was significantly less prominent in the biopsy samples of the Indigenous canadian pacific chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cohort compared to the non-Indigenous Canada cohort. This is in line with the significance of LDH in rcc as an tumour-suppressor gene and may be a factor in a higher prevalence of rcc within the Indigenous population.

Biopsy rates were similar between the two groups, with a an average of 2.4 months between diagnosis and renal mass biopsies in both groups. The majority of the 134 kidney masses examined were CRCRC (75 percent), with papillary cancer in 10 percent and chromophobe kidney cell carcinoma in nine.

In 2017, kidney cancer accounted for 138.5 thousand deaths (95% UI : 128.7-142.5). In 2017, the age-standardised mortality rate for kidney cancer was 4.9 (95 percent U.I. : 4.7-5.1). This was significantly lower than the global average age-standardised rate of 1.7 (95 percent UI: 1.6-1.8) for all other cancers combined.

Conclusions

In 2017 Canada saw an increase of 6600 cases of kidney cancer, and 1900 deaths. Most cases are renal cell carcinoma (rcc) which is a tumor which develops in kidney cells. Other kinds include renal sarcomas Wilms tumors, and the transitional cell carcinoma. Some rare genetic conditions like Von Hippel-Lindau Disease Sickle Cell Disease, and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex can increase the risk of developing kidney cancer.

The cause of most kidney cancers isn't known and appears to be multifactorial. However, some of the identified risk factors could be modified. Indigenous Canadians have been reported to have higher rates of rcc compared to non-Indigenous Canadians. However, there is little information about the differences in the presentation of rccc and Canadian Pacific Scleroderma treatment among current Indigenous patients.

KCC conducted an inquiry of KCa patients to gain an understanding of the barriers they face in receiving high-quality care. The results of this unique study by patients offer an important insight into the quality of care as well as the unique views of KCa patients on their experiences with their healthcare providers. KCC hopes to leverage this vital information to promote better access to healthcare and outcomes for patients in Canada. The majority of participants reported having excellent or good access to their healthcare providers. Participants who resided in the Eastern region and Quebec as well as those from suburban or rural areas were less likely to report having access to rcc specialists or treatment options.